Very comprehensive knowledge of boiler basics

A boiler is a device that transfers the heat energy released by the combustion of fuel to the water in the container to bring the water to the desired temperature (warm water) or steam. It is integrated by "furnace", "pot", accessory instruments and auxiliary equipment to ensure normal and safe operation, then, the following is a very comprehensive boiler basic knowledge!

Boiler structure:

1. "Furnace" : composed of combustion equipment, furnace wall, furnace arch and steel structure, etc., it is the part of burning fuel to produce scorching smoke. The smoke dissipates heat to the heating surface of the boiler through the furnace and each section of flue, and finally enters the chimney from the tail of the boiler.

2, "pot" : the main part of the boiler, including pot drum (drum), water wall tube, convection tube, downdraft tube, header), superheater, economizer and other pressure parts, which constitute the closed pressure part of the pot of water and steam.

3, accessory instrument: In order to ensure the normal and safe operation of the boiler, the boiler needs accessory instrument, such as safety valve, pressure gauge, water level meter (including two-color water level meter, high and low water level alarm, low status water level meter), low water chain protection device, thermometer, overtemperature alarm, flow meter, smoke exhaust device, explosion door, commonly used valve and automatic regulation device

4, auxiliary equipment: auxiliary equipment is set in the boiler parts other than the necessary equipment, fuel supply system, ventilation system, water supply system, dust collection system and other equipment, such as ball mill, coal conveying equipment, water pump, water treatment device, blower, induced draft fan, slag removal machine, dust collector and dust collector

Boiler main body composition:

It is the closed pressure part of the boiler water and steam, which is composed of the boiler drum (drum), water cooling wall pipe, convection tube bundle, downcomer, header), superheater, economizer and other pressure parts.

The role of the main parts of the boiler:

1, pot cylinder: the role of the cylinder is to collect steam, storage, purification, water. There is hot water in all the boiler POTS, but there is hot water in all the POTS under the steam boiler. The lower part of the pot is hot water, and the upper part is steam space. The surface of the water is called the water surface, and the position of the water boundary is called the water level.

2. Water cooling wall: The cooling wall is a radiant heating surface configured around the furnace. The main heating surface of the boiler.

3, convection tube bundle: flow tube bundle is the convection heating surface of the boiler. The absorption of high temperature smoke heat and the absorption of heat are related to the flow rate of smoke, the arrangement method of pipe and the flushing method of smoke.

4, down pipe: the water in the pot is sent to the lower collection box, so that the tube of the heating surface has sufficient circulation water, to ensure reliable operation.

5, the container is called the header, mainly to collect and distribute the water in the pot, to ensure that the pipeline of the heating surface is reliable water supply, or to collect the mixture of water and soda in the pipeline. Containers are generally not affected by radiant heat, so as not to generate bubbles in the water inside leading to poor cooling, overheating and burning.

6, superheater: the heater is the auxiliary heating surface of the steam boiler, does not change the pressure from the pot led saturated steam, through heating, so that the saturated steam in the evaporation of water so that the steam temperature rise, improve the quality of steam to become superheated steam. 7, economizer: economizer arranged in the rear of the boiler flue, is the use of smoke exhaust temperature waste heat exchanger to improve the water supply temperature, play a role in improving the water supply temperature, reduce smoke exhaust heat loss, improve the boiler thermal efficiency.

In general, for every 1 increase in the outlet water temperature of the economizer, the boiler exhaust smoke temperature decreases by 2-3 on average, and the water supply temperature does not rise by 6-7. Save 1% of coal, generally installed economizer boilers can save 5-10% of coal.

When the heating boiler is running, the combustible substance in the fuel is mixed with the air sent into the furnace by the ventilation system at the appropriate temperature to burn, release heat, and transfer to the water in the pot through the heating surface, and the water temperature rises and vaporizes. At this time, the steam separator enters the main steam valve for output and use. Conditions requiring high steam quality.

Saturated steam can be heated in superheater and used as superheated steam output. In the hot water boiler, the temperature of the pot water is always below the boiling point temperature, and the heating network of the user is connected for circulation.

Boiler water circulation:

The main body of the boiler is a closed circuit composed of a boiler drum, a downdraft pipe, a water wall pipe, a collecting pipe, a convective tube bundle and other pressurized parts.

The boiler's water or soda mixture flows continuously in this loop along a certain route. The route of the flow forms a circulation loop called a circulation loop. The flow of water in the boiler in the circulation loop is called the boiler water cycle, and the number of cycles varies according to the structure of the boiler.

Boiler water circulation is divided into two kinds: natural circulation and forced circulation. The water cycle of the steam boiler is generally a natural cycle, and the water cycle of the hot water boiler is mostly a forced cycle.

The natural recycling of the soft water mixture in the rising pipe is small in weight and light, and the water in the falling pipe is large in weight and heavy in weight, resulting in a pressure difference, the balance of the two water columns is lost, and the boiler water circulation, the greater the difference in weight between the two, the greater the driving force for the water circulation.

The above is a very comprehensive boiler basic knowledge, if you need to know more, please feel free to contact us!